Essay conclusions
How to write a conclusion paragraph
A conclusion paragraph does three things in 100-150 words: restates the thesis in fresh words, synthesizes (not summarizes) the main points, and ends with the implication — why this argument matters beyond the page. Never open with "in conclusion," and never introduce new evidence.
The 3-part template
Sentence 1 — Restate the thesis in different words. Sentences 2-4 — Synthesize the main points by connecting them, not listing them. Sentences 5-6 — End with the implication, call-to-action, or the larger question this opens up.
Restate vs. repeat
Restate means re-express the same idea with different vocabulary and a slightly broader frame. Copy-pasting your thesis is the #1 reason US professors mark conclusions down.
Synthesize vs. summarize
Summarize = "First I argued X, then I argued Y, then I argued Z." Synthesize = "Taken together, X and Y reveal that Z is the underlying cause." The second one is what earns the A.
End strong — three closing patterns that work
The implication: "If X is true, then [bigger conclusion about the field]." The call-to-action: "Universities should therefore [specific action]." The open question: "Whether [counter-scenario] holds is the question this essay opens."
What to avoid
"In conclusion" or "To sum up" — every professor flags these. New evidence or quotations — they belong in the body. Apologies ("This paper only scratched the surface") — never undercut your own work in the closing line.
Frequently asked questions
How long should a conclusion be?
10-15% of the essay. For a 1000-word essay, 100-150 words. For a 2000-word essay, 200-300 words.
Can I start a conclusion with 'in conclusion'?
No — almost every US college rubric calls this out as weak transition. Use the restated thesis itself as the opening.
Should the conclusion be the same length as the introduction?
Roughly yes — within 25 words is ideal.
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